1、It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians, who equate their activity with specific techniques.
譯文:它同樣適用于傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家和社會(huì)科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家,傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家(或前者)將歷史僅僅看作是對(duì)歷史材料來(lái)源的內(nèi)部的和外部的批評(píng),社會(huì)科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家(或后者)把歷史研究活動(dòng)等同于具體的研究方法。
2、For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
譯文:例如,它們不能彌補(bǔ)巨大的社會(huì)不公,因此不能說(shuō)明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人會(huì)有多大才干,如果他在較好的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大。
3、There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
譯文:方法論是指一般的歷史研究中特有的概念,還是指歷史研究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究方法,人們對(duì)此意見(jiàn)不一。
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