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當(dāng)前新陽(yáng)光教育 英語(yǔ)單科 學(xué)習(xí)資料 瀏覽文章 詳情

同等學(xué)力考試英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講:復(fù)合從句

  我們都知道英語(yǔ)作為一種語(yǔ)言是非常靈活的,雖然我們新陽(yáng)光教育老師努力去尋找其中的規(guī)律,幫助那些平時(shí)練習(xí)少一點(diǎn)的同學(xué)抓住規(guī)律事半功倍。但同時(shí),必須知道,多讀多練習(xí)才能最終提高閱讀能力,達(dá)到不需要任何規(guī)律直接看出意思來(lái)。這就是武俠里面所說(shuō)的,初練時(shí),看不出招數(shù);中練時(shí),看處處是招數(shù),這時(shí)候規(guī)律學(xué)會(huì)了;最后看處處都沒(méi)有招數(shù),因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)融會(huì)貫通,成為一種本能。下面是同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講:復(fù)合從句的介紹,考生們除了今天介紹的句子之外,也要多讀讀其他句子。
 
  1 復(fù)合句(The Complex Sentence):句子中有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句,叫做復(fù)合句.復(fù)合句可分為:
 
  1).定語(yǔ)從句(The Attributive Clause);
 
  2).狀語(yǔ)從句(The Adverbial Clause);
 
  3).名詞性從句(The Noun Clause)
 
  2 狀語(yǔ)從句
 
  1 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
 
  地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo).
 
  Where I live there are plenty of trees.
 
  Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
 
  2 方式狀語(yǔ)從句
 
  方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導(dǎo).
 
  1) as, (just) as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首,這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文體,例如:
 
  Always do to the others as you would be done by.
 
  你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人.
 
  As water is to fish, so air is to man.
 
  我們離不開(kāi)空氣,猶如魚(yú)兒離不開(kāi)水.
 
  Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
 
  正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西.
 
  2) as if, as though
 
  兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與事實(shí)相反,有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣,表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大.漢譯常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",例如:
 
  They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
 
  他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí),就仿佛它不存在似的.(與事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.)
 
  He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
 
  他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的.(與事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.)
 
  It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
 
  看來(lái)天氣很快就會(huì)好起來(lái).(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大,謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣.)
 
  說(shuō)明:as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或無(wú)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),例如:
 
  He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
 
  他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我,就像第一次看見(jiàn)我似的.
 
  He cleared his throat as if to say something.
 
  他清了清嗓子,像要說(shuō)什么似的.
 
  3 原因狀語(yǔ)從句
 
  比較:because, since, as和for
 
  1) because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng),用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問(wèn)題.當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since.
 
  I didn't go, because I was afraid.
 
  Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
 
  2) 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 號(hào),則可以用for來(lái)代替.但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for.
 
  He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
 
  He must be ill, for he is absent today.
 
  4 目的狀語(yǔ)從句
 
  表示目的狀語(yǔ)的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等詞引導(dǎo),例如:
 
  You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
 
  Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
 
  5 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
 
  結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so… that 或 such…that引導(dǎo),掌握這兩個(gè)句型,首先要了解so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律.
 
  比較:so和 such
 
  其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定.such 是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,so 是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞. so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用,形成固定搭配.
 
  so foolish such a fool
 
  so nice a flower such a nice flower
 
  so many / few flowers such nice flowers
 
  so much / little money. such rapid progress
 
  so many people such a lot of people
 
 。 so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many,但 a lot of 為名詞性的,只能用such搭配.)
 
  so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換.
 
  The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
 
  He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
 
  6 條件狀語(yǔ)從句
 
  連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等..
 
  if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種.非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中闡述.
 
  unless = if not.
 
  Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
 
  If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
 
  7 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
 
  though, although
 
  注意: 當(dāng)有though, although時(shí),后面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用
 
  Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
 
  3) ever if, even though. 即使
 
  We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
 
  4) whether…or- 不管……都
 
  Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
 
  5) "no matter +疑問(wèn)詞" 或"疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever"
 
  No matter what happened, he would not mind.
 
  Whatever happened, he would not mind.
 
  替換:no matter what = whatever
 
  no matter who = whoever
 
  no matter when = whenever
 
  no matter where = wherever
 
  no matter which = whichever
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