2013年同等學(xué)力英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：虛擬語氣

第八節(jié)虛擬語氣
一、總述

虛擬語氣（subjunctive mood ）用來表示說話人的愿望、請求、意圖、建議、懷疑、設(shè)想等未能或不可能成為事實(shí)的情況，以及在說話人看來實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性很小的情況。由于虛擬語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊表現(xiàn)形式，因而動(dòng)詞的變化形式體現(xiàn)出虛擬語氣所包含的不同含義。虛擬語氣用于非真實(shí)條件句時(shí)的構(gòu)成如下表所述：

二、重要考點(diǎn)
1. 在非真實(shí)條件句中，有時(shí)從句的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作并不同時(shí)發(fā)生，這樣的條件句中使用的虛擬式稱為混合虛擬式。其構(gòu)成視具體情況而定。例如：
If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.
If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
2. 引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件從句的連詞if 在正式文體中有時(shí)可以省去, were、had、should 等非行為動(dòng)詞這時(shí)應(yīng)提到從句句首。例如：
If I were you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.
→Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.
3. 有些句子從表層結(jié)構(gòu)上看是無if 引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句，但從深層意思上看if 是存在的。這種情況下主句動(dòng)詞仍需用虛擬式。這類句子中常出現(xiàn)without （如果沒有），but for （要不是），otherwise （否則），but that （若不，后接一從句）等詞或詞組。例如：
But for your help, they couldn’t have succeeded.
She wasn’t feeling well. Otherwise，she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.
4. 在It is + 形容詞 + that 從句的句型中，that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞采用should + 動(dòng)詞原形形式，其中should 常省略�？捎糜诖司湫偷男稳菰~還有：absurd, advisable, better, best, desirable, (un)fair, fortunate, good, imperative, important, incredible, just, natural, (un) necessary, odd, pleasant, possible, preferable, right, ridiculous, sad, silly, unusual, urgent, vital, wrong 等，表示必要、應(yīng)該、建議、要求、驚訝、不相信等含義。例如：
It’s necessary that we (should) set out at once.
It’s proposed that a committee (should) be set up to look into the matter.
5. 具有“提議、建議、請求、命令”等含義的動(dòng)詞所帶的從句（包括賓語從句和主語從句）中，謂語動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形形式。美國英語多用動(dòng)詞原形，英國英語多用should + 動(dòng)詞原形。有相同用法的動(dòng)詞還有：ask, advise, agree, arrange, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, direct, instruct, insist, intend, maintain, move, order, persuade, pray, propose, recommend, request, require, stipulate, suggest, tell, urge。如：
I suggest that we (should) go camping tomorrow. He insisted that our laboratory reports (should) be handed in the day after the experiment was done.
應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是，當(dāng)suggest、insist 等詞不再表示“建議”或“堅(jiān)持要求”的含義時(shí)，其后面的從句不再用虛擬語氣。例如：
His look suggested that he wasn’t telling the truth.
He insisted that he was right.