同等學(xué)力申碩考試的考生對于同等學(xué)力英語語法可謂是一籌莫展,要想正確地使用語態(tài),就須注意詞性,分清楚哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。
一、總述
語態(tài)(voice )是一種動詞形式,表示主語與謂語動詞所表示的動作之間的關(guān)系。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)(active voice )和被動語態(tài)(passive voice)。被動語態(tài)往往是各類考試中的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。
英語被動語態(tài)是由“助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化借助動詞be 來實(shí)現(xiàn)。助動詞be 要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。
被動語態(tài)常用于下列幾種情況:
1. 動作的執(zhí)行者無需指出或不明確時。例如:
Printing was introduced into Europe from China. Rome was not built in a day.
2. 為強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時。例如:
Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack. Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.
3. 為了修辭的需要。例如:
He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.
Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.
二、同等學(xué)力英語語法重要考點(diǎn)
對于同等學(xué)力英語考試考點(diǎn)把握不清晰的考生可以了解下我們的同等學(xué)力英語輔導(dǎo)班,你可以直接點(diǎn)擊張教授的圖片,或者咨詢在線輔導(dǎo)老師了解輔導(dǎo)班的詳細(xì)資料。
1. 除及物動詞外,一些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的短語動詞也可使用被動態(tài)形式。但在個別情況下,短語動詞一般不拆開使用。例如:This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.
2. 不及物動詞(或相當(dāng)于一個不及物動詞的短語動詞)和表示狀態(tài)的動詞(或短語動詞)無被動語態(tài)形式,如:happen, rise, occur, take place, break out 等;以及l(fā)ack, fit suit,equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of, look like 等。例如:The story took place in 1949.
3. 將主動態(tài)形式改為被動態(tài)形式時,如遇到動詞后跟雙賓語的情況,我們只能將其中之一變成主語,另一個保持不變。當(dāng)直接賓語變成主語時,保持在原位的間接賓語前需加介詞to。例如:
I gave my husband a tie as a birthday present.
My husband was given a tie as a birthday present.
A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.
4. 不定式符號to 在被動語態(tài)中不可省略。在主動語態(tài)中,感官動詞和“使”動詞常跟不
帶to 的動詞不定式,但在被動語態(tài)中要有to。例如:
I saw her pass by thewindow.
She was seen to pass by the window.
5. 某些實(shí)義動詞加副詞也表示被動意義,如:wash, write, sell, eat, keep, open, read, shut 等。例如:
This type of recorder sells well.
The door won’t shut closely.
This kind of shirt washes well.
The pen writes well。
6. want 、deserve 、need 、require 、stand、take、won’t bear with 等詞后跟主動形式的動名詞可以表示被動意義。例如:
The film is quite worth watching.
The children need looking after (=to be looked after).
The rule will take some learning.
7. 某些作表語的形容詞后,用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。例如:
He is hard to please. The article is difficult to understand.
8. 被動語態(tài)中常用的幾個介詞:by 表示動作的執(zhí)行者或施動者;with(tools )表示用某種工具;of(materials )表示由某種原料制成(制成品可見原料);from(substance )表示源于某種物質(zhì)(制成品不見原料)。
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