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同等學(xué)力英語非謂語動詞復(fù)習(xí)

  同等學(xué)力英語考試除了詞匯量要充足之外,對詞匯和句型的理解程度也是尤其重要的,下面是新陽光教育為大家詳解非謂語動詞的知識考點(diǎn),請大家仔細(xì)閱讀。

  非謂語動詞是指動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。它們是動詞的非限定形式。在句子中起著一些特殊的作用。一般來說,動詞不定式可充當(dāng)除謂語以外的其他各種成分;動名詞只可作句子的主語、定語、表語、賓語和補(bǔ)語;分詞只能作定語、表語、狀語及補(bǔ)語。即使是作同一種成分,不同非謂語形式之間仍然存在差異。不定式作狀語時,可表示目的、原因、結(jié)果和方式等;分詞作狀語不僅可表示原因、結(jié)果方式,還可以表示時間、條件、伴隨情況及讓步等。因此考生在做題時應(yīng)分析狀語表達(dá)的是何種意思,才能做也正確的選擇。

  重要考點(diǎn)

  1. 動詞不定式

  不定式是指帶to 的動詞原形(使用中有時不帶to),在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用,可以作定語和狀語。

  A. 作定語

  (1) 有些名詞后常跟不定式作定語。例如:time, reason, chance, right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan 等。例如:

  Women should have the right to receive education.

  There is no time to hesitate.

  (2) 動詞不定式與其修飾的詞之間往往有動賓關(guān)系,如果該不定式是不及物動詞,其后有必要的介詞。例如:

  He’s a pleasant fellow to work with.

  There’s nothing to worry about.

  (3) the first, the second, the last, the best 等之后用不定式作定語。例如:

  The monitor will be the first to come.

  He was the last man to blame.

  B. 作狀語

  (1) 作目的狀語不定式作狀語時,其動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后,一般置于句子末尾。但是,如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào),亦可置于句首。其否定形式為:在不定式符號前加not。例如:

  He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.

  To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.

  I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby.

  (2) 作原因狀語

  不定式作原因狀語時,一般放在句子末尾。例如:

  She burst into laughter to see his funny action.

  The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene.

  (3) 作結(jié)果狀語。例如:

  We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.

  She left home, never to return again.

  (4) 有些固定詞組帶to 不定式,表明說話人的立場或態(tài)度,在句子中作獨(dú)立成分。這些詞有:to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point, not to make much of it, to put it another way, to tell the truth 等。例如:

  To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing.

  To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill.

  2. 動名詞

  動名詞也是動詞的一種非限定形式,由動詞原形加詞尾-ing 構(gòu)成。與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法相同。它同時具有動詞及名詞特征。以下主要介紹其作定語及狀語的情況。

  A. 作定語。例如:

  None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room.

  The spe

  eeding car came to a stop all of a sudden.

  B. 作狀語

  介詞 + 動名詞可以作狀語用,表示時間、原因、目的、讓步、方式等。例如:

  After finishing the job, he went home.

  He was blamed for having done something wrong.

  They went to Manchester with the object of winning the World Championship.

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