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當(dāng)前新陽光教育 英語單科 學(xué)習(xí)資料 瀏覽文章 詳情

2016年同等學(xué)力英語考試語法分析之語態(tài)

  為幫助正在為2016年同等學(xué)力申碩考試的考生更加有保障的通過考試,新陽光教育同等學(xué)力申碩輔導(dǎo)老師整理出同等學(xué)力考試備考輔導(dǎo)相關(guān)資料供考生學(xué)習(xí)與參考。
  
  本次輔導(dǎo)內(nèi)容只要為同等學(xué)力申碩語態(tài)部分:
  
  語態(tài)是一種動(dòng)詞形式,表示主語與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之間的關(guān)系。英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)(active voice )和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(passive voice)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)往往是各類考試中的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由“助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化借助動(dòng)詞be 來實(shí)現(xiàn)。助動(dòng)詞be 要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用于下列幾種情況:
  
  1. 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無需指出或不明確時(shí)。例:
  
  Printing was introduced into Europe from China. Rome was not built in a day.
  
  2. 為強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。例:
  
  Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack. Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.
  
  3. 為了修辭的需要。例:
  
  He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.
  
  Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.
  
  4. 除及物動(dòng)詞外,一些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語動(dòng)詞也可使用被動(dòng)態(tài)形式。但在個(gè)別情況下,短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開使用。例如:This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.
  
  5. 不及物動(dòng)詞(或相當(dāng)于一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞的短語動(dòng)詞)和表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(或短語動(dòng)詞)無被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式,如:happen, rise, occur, take place, break out 等;以及l(fā)ack, fit suit,equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of, look like 等。例如:The story took place in 1949.
  
  6. 將主動(dòng)態(tài)形式改為被動(dòng)態(tài)形式時(shí),如遇到動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語的情況,我們只能將其中之一變成主語,另一個(gè)保持不變。當(dāng)直接賓語變成主語時(shí),保持在原位的間接賓語前需加介詞to。例如:
  
  I gave my husband a tie as a birthday present.
  
  →My husband was given a tie as a birthday present.
  
  →A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.
  
  7. 不定式符號(hào)to 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不可省略。在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中,感官動(dòng)詞和“使”動(dòng)詞常跟不
  
  帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式,但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要有to。例:
  
  I saw her pass by thewindow.
  
  →She was seen to pass by the window.
  
  8. 某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞加副詞也表示被動(dòng)意義,如:wash, write, sell, eat, keep, open, read, shut 等。例:
  
  This type of recorder sells well.
  
  The door won’t shut closely.
  
  This kind of shirt washes well.
  
  The pen writes well。
  
  9. want 、deserve 、need 、require 、stand、take、won’t bear with 等詞后跟主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。例:
  
  The film is quite worth watching.
  
  The children need looking after (=to be looked after).
  
  The rule will take some learning.
  
  10. 某些作表語的形容詞后,用不定式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例:
  
  He is hard to please. The article is difficult to understand.
  
  11. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中常用的幾個(gè)介詞:by 表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或施動(dòng)者;with(tools )表示用某種工具;of(materials )表示由某種原料制成(制成品可見原料);from(substance )表示源于某種物質(zhì)(制成品不見原料)。
  
  語態(tài),是英語語法的基礎(chǔ),在語法學(xué)中,語態(tài)是描述句子中動(dòng)詞和參與此動(dòng)作之主語之間關(guān)系的一個(gè)術(shù)語。當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)起者(或之一)時(shí),稱為主動(dòng)語態(tài);如果主語為動(dòng)作之承受者,稱為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 而在現(xiàn)代英語中,隨著感情化的加深,語態(tài)在其中的作用越來越大,所以要學(xué)好英語,必須學(xué)好語態(tài)并不是空話。

  新陽光教育同等學(xué)力申碩官方網(wǎng)站講不定時(shí)發(fā)送各科考試相關(guān)輔導(dǎo)資料,考生可定時(shí)到官方網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行查看閱讀。

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