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當(dāng)前新陽光教育 英語單科 學(xué)習(xí)資料 瀏覽文章 詳情

2015同等學(xué)力英語考試語法分析之語態(tài)

  語態(tài)是一種動詞形式,表示主語與謂語動詞所表示的動作之間的關(guān)系。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)(active voice )和被動語態(tài)(passive voice)。被動語態(tài)往往是各類考試中的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。英語被動語態(tài)是由“助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化借助動詞be 來實(shí)現(xiàn)。助動詞be 要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。被動語態(tài)常用于下列幾種情況:

  1. 動作的執(zhí)行者無需指出或不明確時。例:

  Printing was introduced into Europe from China. Rome was not built in a day.

  2. 為強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時。例:

  Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack. Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.

  3. 為了修辭的需要。例:

  He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.

  Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.

  4. 除及物動詞外,一些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的短語動詞也可使用被動態(tài)形式。但在個別情況下,短語動詞一般不拆開使用。例如:This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.

  5. 不及物動詞(或相當(dāng)于一個不及物動詞的短語動詞)和表示狀態(tài)的動詞(或短語動詞)無被動語態(tài)形式,如:happen, rise, occur, take place, break out 等;以及l(fā)ack, fit suit,equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of, look like 等。例如:The story took place in 1949.

  6. 將主動態(tài)形式改為被動態(tài)形式時,如遇到動詞后跟雙賓語的情況,我們只能將其中之一變成主語,另一個保持不變。當(dāng)直接賓語變成主語時,保持在原位的間接賓語前需加介詞to。例如:

  I gave my husband a tie as a birthday present.

  →My husband was given a tie as a birthday present.

  →A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.

  7. 不定式符號to 在被動語態(tài)中不可省略。在主動語態(tài)中,感官動詞和“使”動詞常跟不

  帶to 的動詞不定式,但在被動語態(tài)中要有to。例:

  I saw her pass by thewindow.

  →She was seen to pass by the window.

  8. 某些實(shí)義動詞加副詞也表示被動意義,如:wash, write, sell, eat, keep, open, read, shut 等。例:

  This type of recorder sells well.

  The door won’t shut closely.

  This kind of shirt washes well.

  The pen writes well。

  9. want 、deserve 、need 、require 、stand、take、won’t bear with 等詞后跟主動形式的動名詞可以表示被動意義。例:

  The film is quite worth watching.

  The children need looking after (=to be looked after).

  The rule will take some learning.

  10. 某些作表語的形容詞后,用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。例:

  He is hard to please. The article is difficult to understand.

  11. 被動語態(tài)中常用的幾個介詞:by 表示動作的執(zhí)行者或施動者;with(tools )表示用某種工具;of(materials )表示由某種原料制成(制成品可見原料);from(substance )表示源于某種物質(zhì)(制成品不見原料)。

  語態(tài),是英語語法的基礎(chǔ),在語法學(xué)中,語態(tài)是描述句子中動詞和參與此動作之主語之間關(guān)系的一個術(shù)語。當(dāng)主語是動作的發(fā)起者(或之一)時,稱為主動語態(tài);如果主語為動作之承受者,稱為被動語態(tài)。 而在現(xiàn)代英語中,隨著感情化的加深,語態(tài)在其中的作用越來越大,所以要學(xué)好英語,必須學(xué)好語態(tài)并不是空話。

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