Weak dollar or no, $46,000 — the price for a single year of undergraduate instruction amid the red brick of Harvard Yard — is 1. But nowadays cost is 2 barrier to entry at many of America's best universities. Formidable financial-assistance policies have 3 fees or slashed them deeply for needy students. And last month Harvard announced a new plan designed to 4 the sticker-shock for undergraduates from middle and even upper-income families too。

　　Since then, other rich American universities have unveiled 5 initiatives. Yale, Harvard's bitterest 6, revealed its plans on January 14th. Students whose families make 7 than $60,000 a year will pay nothing at all. Families earning up to $200,000 a year will have to pay an average of 10% of their incomes. The university will 8 its financial-assistance budget by 43%， to over $80m。

　　Harvard will have a similar arrangement for families making up to $180,000. That makes the price of going to Harvard or Yale 9 to attending a state-run university for middle-and upper-income students. The universities will also not require any student to take out 10 to pay for their 11, a policy introduced by Princeton in 2001 and by the University of Pennsylvania just after Harvard's 12. No applicant who gains admission, officials say, should feel 13 to go elsewhere because he or she can't afford the fees。

　　None of that is quite as altruistic as it sounds. Harvard and Yale are, after all, now likely to lure more students away from previously 14 options, particularly state-run universities, 15 their already impressive admissions figures and reputations。

　　The schemes also provide a 16 for structuring university fees in which high prices for rich students help offset modest prices for poorer ones and families are less 17 on federal grants and government-backed loans。

　　Less wealthy private colleges whose fees are high will not be able to 18 Harvard or Yale easily. But America's state-run universities, which have traditionally kept their fees low and stable, might well try a differentiated 19 scheme as they raise cash to compete academically with their private 20. Indeed, the University of California system has already started to implement a sliding-fee scale。

　　1. [A] cheap [B] reasonable [C] high [D] expensive

　　2. [A] still [B] no [C] becoming [D] certain

　　3. [A] eliminated [B] increased [C] doubled [D] decreased

　　4. [A] relieve [B] suspend [C] enhance [D] diminish

　　5. [A] different [B] same [C] similar [D] encouraging

　　6. [A] counterpart [B] coordinator [C] rival [D] cooperator

　　7. [A] less [B] more [C] richer [D] poorer

　　8. [A] enhance [B] expand [C] increase [D] elevate

　　9. [A] incomparable [B] comparable [C] distinguishable [D] identical

　　10.[A] part-time job [B] work [C] loans [D] savings

　　11. [A] charge [B] fare [C] payment [D] tuition

　　12. [A] policy [B] implementation [C] adjustment [D] announcement

　　13. [A] pressured [B] ashamed [C] insecure [D] unhappy

　　14. [A] cheaper [B] more reasonable [C] public [D] better

　　15. [A] expanding [B] shrinking [C] enhancing [D] diminishing

　　16. [A] chance [B] model [C] disposition [D] location

　　17. [A] independent [B] thankful [C] detached [D] reliant

　　18. [A] beat [B] win [C] copy [D] follow

　　19. [A] pricing [B] tuition [C] scholarship [D] financial aiding

　　20. [A] rivals [B] counterparts [C] coordinators [D] cooperators

　　參考答案：

　　1.D 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.C

　　11.D 12.D 13.A 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.B

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