1、The professor required that ________________ (我們交研究報(bào)告)by Wednesday.
2、Though a skilled worker, _______________ (他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.
3、It was reported that 65% of traffic accidents in this city _______________ (是由行車不慎造成的).
4、 ________________(希特勒是武裝到牙齒的)when he launched the Second World War,but in a few years,he was completely defeated.
5、They are having a discussion ________________(目的是尋找改善質(zhì)量的途徑)
答案與解析:
1. we hand in our research report(s)
由require引導(dǎo)的that賓語(yǔ)從句在表示指令性含義的時(shí)候應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即:require that sb. (should) do sth.通常should可以省略。required用過去時(shí)態(tài)是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng),如果考生沒有注意到虛擬語(yǔ)氣的話可能就會(huì)把需填補(bǔ)部分的動(dòng)詞“交”錯(cuò)譯成handed in. 類似的動(dòng)詞還有:advise,ask,beg,command,decide,decree,demand,desire,determine,insist,move(建議),order,prefer(寧愿),propose,recommend,request,require,suggest(建議),urge(極力主張),vote等。類似的形容詞有:advisable,appropriate,better,best,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,incredible,insistent,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,ridiculous,strange,surprising,urgent,vital等。句末的by Wednesday表示在某個(gè)時(shí)間之前,這雖然不是本題考點(diǎn),但考生應(yīng)該看到by Wednesday和on Wednesday的區(qū)別。
2. he was fired by the company
很多同學(xué)在口語(yǔ)表達(dá)中容易說成though…but…,這是受了漢語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)負(fù)遷移的影響,在書面語(yǔ)中是絕對(duì)不允許的。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though和but絕對(duì)不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里,就像because和so一樣。“解雇”在英語(yǔ)里有很多表達(dá):fire,dismiss,kick out,throw out,sack等。Though a skilled worker是Though he was a skilled worker的省略表達(dá)?忌要注意分析本題的邏輯關(guān)系:前后兩個(gè)部分是轉(zhuǎn)折含義,大的轉(zhuǎn)折中又包括一個(gè)小的因果。
3. arose from careless driving
本題考查慣用搭配。“行車不慎”可以翻譯成careless driving;“由……造成”用arise from。譯為:據(jù)報(bào)道,城市里65%的交通事故是由行車不慎造成的。
arise主要用于指無(wú)形的、抽象的東西的出現(xiàn)或產(chǎn)生;arise from表示“由……引起”,“因……產(chǎn)生”,下列搭配也可用來表達(dá)這一意思:be caused by,bring on,result in,give rise to等?忌菀讓ise與arise混淆:rise通常指起身或用于事物自動(dòng)升起或映入眼簾,還可以指水、價(jià)格等上漲。例如:That candidate rose to his feet to deliver his speech.(那位候選人站起來發(fā)言。)
4. Hitler was armed to the teeth
本題需要用直譯法翻譯。通過前面的講解大家已經(jīng)知道,直譯法是按照原文的表層意思進(jìn)行翻譯,它的好處是不僅保留了原文的內(nèi)容也保留了原文的形象、比喻、民族地方色彩等。“武裝到牙齒”是說軍隊(duì)裝備精良,戰(zhàn)備充分,具有較強(qiáng)抵御和攻擊能力。有同學(xué)可能會(huì)意譯成Hitler prepared very well或Hitler had strong armed forces或Hitler prepared first-class military equipment,意譯并沒有錯(cuò),但在內(nèi)涵、力度和韻味上就遠(yuǎn)沒有原文生動(dòng)形象,表達(dá)起來枯燥乏味。“武裝到牙齒”是一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ),英文里恰好也有一個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)be armed to the teeth,含義相同,韻味不減。
5. to find ways to improve the quality
本題考查不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。discussion是后置定語(yǔ)修飾的中心詞。“目的是……”可以用in order to,so as to,to來表示。不定式作后置定語(yǔ)從句都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成:“…Whose purpose is to…”的結(jié)構(gòu),如:They are having a discussion whose purpose is to find ways to improve the quality.(他們正在進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)目的為想辦法提高)
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