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同等學(xué)力英語重要考點(diǎn)之虛擬語氣

  同等學(xué)力英語考試除了詞匯量要充足之外,對(duì)句型的熟悉程度也是尤其重要的。虛擬語氣(subjunctive mood )用來表示說話人的愿望、請(qǐng)求、意圖、建議、懷疑、設(shè)想等未能或不可能成為事實(shí)的情況,以及在說話人看來實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性很小的情況。由于虛擬語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊表現(xiàn)形式,因而動(dòng)詞的變化形式體現(xiàn)出虛擬語氣所包含的不同含義。下面是新陽光教育為大家講解同等學(xué)力英語虛擬語氣用于非真實(shí)條件句時(shí)的構(gòu)成的考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)閱讀。

  1. 在It is + 形容詞 + that 從句的句型中,that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞采用should + 動(dòng)詞原形形式,其中should 常省略。可用于此句型的形容詞還有:absurd, advisable, better, best, desirable, (un)fair, fortunate, good, imperative, important, incredible, just, natural, (un) necessary, odd,

  pleasant, possible, preferable, right, ridiculous, sad, silly, unusual, urgent, vital, wrong 等,表示必要、應(yīng)該、建議、要求、驚訝、不相信等含義。例如:

  It’s necessary that we (should) set out at once.

  It’s proposed that a committee (should) be set up to look into the matter.


  2. 在非真實(shí)條件句中,有時(shí)從句的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作并不同時(shí)發(fā)生,這樣的條件句中使用的虛擬式稱為混合虛擬式。其構(gòu)成視具體情況而定。例如:

  If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.

  If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.


  3. 有些句子從表層結(jié)構(gòu)上看是無if 引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句,但從深層意思上看if 是存在的。這種情況下主句

  動(dòng)詞仍需用虛擬式。這類句子中常出現(xiàn)without (如果沒有),but for (要不是),otherwise (否則),but that (若不,后接一從句)等詞或詞組。例如:

  But for your help, they couldn’t have succeeded.

  She wasn’t feeling well. Otherwise,she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.


  4. 具有“提議、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令”等含義的動(dòng)詞所帶的從句(包括賓語從句和主語從句)中,謂語動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形形式。美國英語多用動(dòng)詞原形,英國英語多用should + 動(dòng)詞原形。有相同用法的動(dòng)詞還有:ask, advise, agree, arrange, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, direct,

  instruct, insist, intend, maintain, move, order, persuade, pray, propose, recommend,

  request, require, stipulate, suggest, tell, urge。如:

  I suggest that we (should) go camping tomorrow. He insisted that our laboratory reports

  (should) be handed in the day after the experiment was done.

  應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是,當(dāng)suggest、insist 等詞不再表示“建議”或“堅(jiān)持要求”的含義時(shí),其后面的從句不再用虛擬語氣。例如:

  His look suggested that he wasn’t telling the truth.

  He insisted that he was right.


  5. 在由as if、as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中,表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑,或表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)或其后的假設(shè)情況時(shí),從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)。表示過去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況或表示在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示時(shí)間之前的假設(shè)情況,從句用過去完成時(shí)。如果表示的情況很可能發(fā)生或是事實(shí),則用陳述語氣。例如:

  She looks as if she knew all about it.

  They talked as though they had got acquainted with each other for years.


  6. 在if only 引起的感嘆句中,用謂語動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反的情況,用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。例如:

  If only he knew our telephone number!


  7. 在lest、for fear that 、in case 等詞引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬,should 一詞也可以省略。例如:

  Grown people should never say or do anything wrong before children, lest they (should)

  set them a bad example.


  8. 引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件從句的連詞if 在正式文體中有時(shí)可以省去, were、had、should 等非行為動(dòng)詞這時(shí)應(yīng)提到從句句首。例如:

  If I were you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.

  →Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.


  9. 虛擬式可用于wish 后的賓語從句中,表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望。其表達(dá)形式一般是將謂語動(dòng)詞提前一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。例如:

  I wish I had been to the concert last night.

  I wish he would forgive me.


  10. 在I would rather 后的句子中,動(dòng)詞也要求用虛擬式,表示某人的愿望。其表達(dá)形式一般是將謂語動(dòng)詞提前一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。例如:

  I’d rather you left tomorrow instead of today.

  I’d rather he hadn’t done anything like that.


  11. It’s (high, about) time that… 的句型要求用虛擬式,表示應(yīng)該做還沒有做的事。其表達(dá)形式一般是謂語動(dòng)詞使用過去時(shí)態(tài)。例如:

  It’s high time that he stopped smoking.

  It’s about time that we took our leave.

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