《在職人員以研究生畢業(yè)同等學(xué)力申請碩士學(xué)位外國語課程水平統(tǒng)一考試大綱》中,第四部分是完形填空(Cloze)。考試大綱規(guī)定,該考項(xiàng)占考題總分10%,共20題,每題05分,考試時間為15分鐘,測試形式是在一篇難度適中的短文(約200~250 英語詞)中留有20個空白,每個空白為一題。要求考生從四個選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個合適答案。選擇項(xiàng)可以是一個單詞,也可以是短語(從1995年、1996年兩年考題看,短文的長度約320~350 英語詞——編者注)。
該考項(xiàng)是測試考生綜合運(yùn)用語言能力的客觀題。完形填空與單句填空試題不同,該考項(xiàng)不單純考查考生對某些語法項(xiàng)目的掌握或某些詞義的識別及辨析,而是從語篇的角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握、語法規(guī)則的應(yīng)用及對英語慣用法的熟悉程度。因此,完形填空是連貫短文層次上的填空,考生應(yīng)該在正確理解通篇文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)過的詞匯和語法知識,選擇合適答案,使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
從國內(nèi)主要統(tǒng)考試卷及近幾年在職人員的英語考試試卷看,完形填空有以下特點(diǎn):
首先,完形填空的測試重點(diǎn)已從傳統(tǒng)的語法項(xiàng)目轉(zhuǎn)移到對整體語感的測試。根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行選擇的題目比例很大。詞匯的測試也不僅僅限于對基本詞義的理解,同義詞、近義詞、一詞多義、固定搭配及習(xí)慣用法的應(yīng)用也成為測試的重點(diǎn)。
能否在該考項(xiàng)取得好成績,取決于做大量的閱讀練習(xí)以增加語感,打好語言功底。
下文的分析以兩篇文章為例。
Sleep is divided into periods of socalled REM sleep,characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming,and longer periods of nonREM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at all wellunderstood,but REM sleep is 2 to serve some restorative function of the brain.The purpose of
nonREM sleep is even more 3 .The new experiments,such as those 4 for the first time at a recent
meeting of the Society
for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 5 of nonREM sleep.
1.A Either B Neither C Each D Any
2.A intended B required C assumed D inferred
3.A subtle B obvious C mysterious D doubtful
4.A maintained B described C settled D afforded
5.A in the light B by virtus C with the exception D for the purpose
For example,it has long been known that total sleep 6 is 100 percent fatal to rats,yet,
7 examination of the dead bodies,
the animals look completely normal.A researcher has now 8 the mystery of why the
animals die.The rats
9 bacterial infections of the blood, 10 their immune systems-the selfprotecting mechanism against diseaseshad crashed.
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the
normal growth and maintenance
of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, 11 do they construct or
build any part of the body.They are needed for 12 foods into energy and body
maintenance.There are thirteen or more
of them,and if 13 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 14 .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and 15 nitrogen.They are different 16 their elements
are arranged differently,and each
vitamin 17 one or more specific functions in the body. 18 enough vitamins is
essential to life,although the body has no nutritional use for 19 vitamins.Many people, 20 ,
believe in being on the “safe side”ad.thus take extra vitamins.However,a wellbalanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.
6. A reduction B destruction C deprivation D restriction
7. A upon B by C through D with
8. A paid attention to B caught sight of C laid emphasison on D cast light on
9. A develop B produce C stimulate D induce
10.A if B as if C only if D if only
11.A either B so C nor D never
12.A shifting B transferring C altering D transforming
13.A any B some C anything D something
14.A serious B apparent C severe D fatal
15.A mostly B partially C sometimes D rarely
16.A in that B so that C such that D except that
17.A undertakes B holds C plsys D performs
18.A Supplying B Getting C Providing D Furnishing
19.A exceptional B exceeding C excess D external
20.A nevertheless B therefore C moreover D meanwhile
(答案:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A)
一、通讀全文,從整體角度掌握文章大意
答題之前,一定要快速通讀整篇文章,了解短文大意,為選擇做準(zhǔn)備,這樣可以避免有時“前后撞車”。絕對不能拿過來就做。
一般來講,短文的開篇第一句都不留空,通讀的關(guān)鍵要弄清第一句,這一句往往是本段甚至是本文的主題句,便于考生對短文主題及背景的理解。
第一篇文章主要內(nèi)容是探討睡眠中快速眼動(Rapid Eye Movement-REM)和非快快速眼動(nonREM)兩個階段的作用。
段首句譯文:睡眠分成以眼睛的快速活動和做夢為特點(diǎn)的所謂快速眼動階段和較長的非快速眼動階段。
第二篇文章是關(guān)于維生素是人體生命的基本的東西及其作用。
段首句譯文:維生素是有機(jī)化合物,少量存在于食物中,是包括人在內(nèi)的一切動物正常生長和維持生命所必需的。
二、結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容的合理性及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系選擇適合答案
完形填空練習(xí)中,有些解題信息并非以詞的形式出現(xiàn),而是要從上文或下文的部分句子或整個句子甚至幾個句子去捕捉。該項(xiàng)練習(xí)在很多情況下是利用語法的正確性與內(nèi)容的排斥性之間的矛盾來命題的。因此,有些選項(xiàng)離開上下文孤立地看,語法是正確的,而結(jié)合上下文看,內(nèi)容卻是錯誤的。所以考生一定要結(jié)合上下文才有可能作出正確的選擇。
第1個選擇。從文意角度看,REM睡眠的作用只能在沒有足夠事實(shí)根據(jù)的情況下姑且“假定”,說nonREM睡眠的目的“更加明顯。